The connection between increasing spread of HIV/AIDS and the ever-present issues of violent conflict facing Africa is an association that is often overlooked in much of the present literature on both subjects. In 2001, the U.S. Institute of Peace sought to further examine this relationship, and to see what kind of impact it has on the development of Africa as a whole. This paper explores the issues that were discussed, noting that the nature of this nexus is far too complicated to be broken down into a simple cause and effect relationship. Instead, the problem has to be addressed from two perspectives: (1) In what ways will the continued increase in the number of people infected with HIV/AIDS contribute to additional issues of violent conflict in Africa in the coming years? (2) In what ways does such violence lead to increasing numbers of people becoming infected with the disease? The paper also undertakes a case study of the situation in Uganda, before drawing conclusions.