The dynamic role of small and medium scale enterprises (SMES) in Nigeria have been highly emphasised. These enterprises have been identified as the means through which the rapid industrialisation, job creation, poverty alleviation and other developmental goals are realised. SMES are also seen as vital agents in the development process of less developed countries and developed economies. The paper explores the roles and contributions, constraints and prospects of the Small and Medium Scale Enterprise (SMES) sub-sector as it contributes to the growth and development of the Nigeria economy, and the role of government, internal and external support institutions have played in promoting the sector. The findings will assist policy makers, development agencies and business organisations to ascertain the appropriate strategy to improve the SMES sub- sector and attainment of sustainable job creation policy of the present government.